Scientific Laws of Semen Quality Analysis and Sperm Transport

The normal volume of semen ejaculated by a man in one ejaculation is 2-6 ml, with an average of 3.5 ml. If the subject has not ejaculated for 3 days and the volume of semen ejaculated in one ejaculation is still less than 1.5 ml, it should be considered abnormal. Semen volume exceeding 8 ml per ejaculation is called excessive semen volume. Excessive semen volume can lead to a decrease in sperm density, and it can also cause a large amount of semen to flow out of the vagina, carrying a large number of sperm with it, interfering with sperm movement in the female reproductive tract and leading to infertility.

High-viscosity semen is often accompanied by impaired sperm penetration, affecting sperm motility, concentration, and sperm surface antigens.

Sperm are produced in the testes, mature in the epididymis and other areas, and are expelled during ejaculation along with secretions from accessory glands, remaining suspended in the seminal plasma. Mature sperm can survive in the male reproductive tract for several weeks, but their fertilization capacity after leaving the body is only 24 hours. Within these 24 hours, their movement speed varies.

The functional status of sperm is more important in evaluating male fertility. Analyzing sperm count and quality, such as the presence of pathological changes like azoospermia, oligospermia, low sperm motility or viability, and an increase in abnormal sperm, provides objective evidence for clinical diagnosis of infertility and evaluation of treatment efficacy. Semen analysis confirming azoospermia can also serve as an important indicator of the effectiveness of male vasectomy. Normally, the sperm count in ejaculated semen is >20 × 10⁶/mL. If the sperm count is less than 20 × 10⁶/mL, low fertility or even infertility is likely. Conversely, infertility can also occur even with a sperm count greater than 100 × 10⁶/mL. Therefore, estimating male fertility cannot rely solely on sperm count; factors such as sperm motility, morphology, the presence of antisperm antibodies in serum and seminal plasma, and the normality of immunosuppressive substances in seminal plasma must also be considered.

In addition, non-sperm cells in male semen can be divided into three main categories:

1. Immature spermatogenic cells: including spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, etc.

2. White blood cells and lymphocytes.

3. Supporting cells, exfoliated epithelial cells, and other cells.

Immature spermatogenic cells at various stages can be seen in semen. In fertile men, spermatogonia account for approximately 0.8%, primary spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes approximately 8.0% and 7.0% respectively, and spermatids approximately 7.0%. All of these directly affect the orderly transport of sperm.

**A harmonious blend, a symphony of love**

Wild grasses grow, glistening with dew. A beautiful woman appears, graceful and charming. Our chance encounter is exactly what I desire.

Wild grasses grow, glistening with dew. A beautiful woman appears, graceful and elegant. We meet by chance, and vow to stay together forever.

This is from the poem "Wild Grasses Grow" in the Book of Songs. It depicts a very romantic and free love story: on a beautiful day, they meet a lovely woman; love at first sight leads them to hide away in a fragrant forest. Like a pair of free and joyful birds, they sing in harmony and fly wing to wing.

This work is also considered to be a poem describing sexual intercourse. Mr. Wen Yiduo pointed out that there are five types of works in the Book of Songs that describe sexual intercourse: "explicit sexual intercourse", "metaphorical sexual intercourse", "suggestive sexual intercourse", "associative sexual intercourse" and "symbolic sexual intercourse".

Even the poems in the *Classic of Poetry* that explicitly mention sexual intercourse appear quite "hygienic" and "clean." "Grass and Insects" from the *Zhaonan* section and "Wild Grasses" from the *Zhengfeng* section are two of the most explicit descriptions of sex in the *Classic of Poetry*. In "Grass and Insects," the relevant lines describing sex are, "Before seeing my beloved, my heart was filled with sorrow; now that I have seen him, now that we have made love, my heart is at peace." The key word here is "媾" (gōu), meaning "to make love." A woman, longing for her lover, finds peace after seeing him and making love with him. In "Wild Grasses," the relevant lines describing sex are, "There is a beautiful woman, so graceful and charming! We met by chance, fulfilling my desire, to be together forever." The key word here is "邂逅" (xièhòu), which is synonymous with "媾." This person is lucky enough to meet a gentle and beautiful woman; after a blissful encounter, he is content, feeling he has found his happy ending and is willing to spend his life with her.

When discussing men's physiological needs, sex is always a key element. Some say that a man having sex with a woman isn't necessarily out of love, but rather a physiological need. Does this mean that love and sex can be separated for men? The answer may vary from person to person, but there's no doubt that love can make sex more fulfilling!

Male sexual physiology is a complex physiological activity involving the coordination of nerves, endocrine system, blood vessels, and muscles, triggered by a series of conditions or unconditional reflexes without sexual stimulation. This activity can lead to penile erection, intercourse, sexual orgasm, and ejaculation to satisfy sexual desire.

Sexual desire refers to the desire to achieve physical and mental union with a member of the opposite sex under appropriate sexual stimulation. It is an impulse or biological drive towards sexual activity and a desire for sexual satisfaction. Sexual desire can be divided into two forms: the desire for contact and the desire for relief (also known as the desire for intercourse). Sexual desire is an instinct, a psychological and physiological phenomenon. It is the internal driving force of sexual instinct. Sexual desire is not only a need for procreation but also a need for seeking pleasure and happiness derived from physiological enjoyment. Furthermore, sexual desire can motivate individual movement and achieve noble goals. However, if sexual desire is out of control, it can lead to violent acts such as rape and murder. Although sex has a three-dimensional meaning-physiological, psychological, and social-fundamentally, sex is a biological concept, referring to the biological differences between men and women, mainly manifested in primary and secondary sexual characteristics; gender is a psychological concept, referring to the psychological differences between men and women, mainly manifested in tertiary and quaternary sexual characteristics; and sexual role is a sociological concept, referring to the role differences caused by gender in social life. The formation of sexual desire involves organic factors related to the nervous and endocrine systems, as well as complex psychological and mental activities. Furthermore, it is regulated by a combination of factors, including social culture, sexual psychology, social environment, social morality, as well as diseases and drugs.

Sometimes, men experience sexual fantasies, also known as daydreaming. These fantasies involve imagining actions or scenes to achieve sexual arousal, often through media such as adult comics, adult films, and erotic novels. Sexual fantasies can provide sexual pleasure, but they are never real. They begin in adolescence; studies have found that the average age of onset for male adolescents in my country is 14.95 years. Sexual fantasies are a form of self-indulgent behavior that persists into old age, but their frequency decreases with age. Many people prefer to fantasize during free time after waking up and before falling asleep, before sexual activity, and immediately afterward. Sexual fantasies are a product of cerebral cortex activity, existing between conscious and subconscious states. They represent a mental satisfaction of desires temporarily unattainable in real life, enhancing physical stimulation, deepening sexual experience, and providing a deeper level of sexual satisfaction.

Sexual fantasies can serve as a form of sexual stimulation, much like a "psychological aphrodisiac," and are therefore commonly used to induce orgasm during masturbation and intercourse. If one is not satisfied with their sexual partner during intercourse (such as in a marriage of convenience), orgasm is often achieved through fantasy (imagining having sex with another desired lover). Sexual fantasies typically focus on pleasurable sexual activities, but a minority may fantasize about being raped or sexually abused.