The classification and treatment of dandruff and diarrhea, and the scientific principles of earwax cleaning.

Dandruff, also known as scaly dandruff (skin peeling), typically occurs between adolescence and middle age, and is more common in men than women. A healthy scalp constantly sheds small, dead, unnoticed epidermal cells. When dandruff forms, these cells clump together with sticky secretions, mixing to form visible scales. Dandruff is a form of seborrhea, a condition that occurs when the normal shedding of dead skin cells is accelerated. Seborrhea often affects hairy and oily areas: the scalp, behind the ears, around the eyebrows, sides of the nose, and sometimes the chest, buttocks, and pubic area. Using a regular shampoo can control most dandruff problems if you use it several times a week or even daily. If this doesn't work, try a non-long-term shampoo containing any of the following ingredients: zinc sulfide, sulfur, tar, arsenic sulfide, or salicylic acid. The trick to controlling dandruff is to use different brands of shampoo. Whenever you finish using a shampoo, you should buy a different brand, as each shampoo becomes less effective with repeated use. Use it according to the instructions, leaving medicated shampoos on your scalp for 5-10 minutes before rinsing thoroughly. If dandruff persists and causes redness, itching, and unsightly scalp, ask your doctor for a stronger shampoo or prescribe cortisone to reduce scalp inflammation. If dandruff shampoos dry out your scalp, use a hair conditioner instead of the oils removed during shampooing. Dry hair is far less serious than dandruff itself, which can cause significant and irreversible hair loss. Diarrhea ranges from occasional loose stools and acute abdominal pain to frequent watery stools, 6-24 times a day. The following viruses can cause diarrhea: gastrointestinal influenza viruses, bacteria or parasites lurking in food, natural illnesses, intestinal obstruction, antibiotics, bowel habits, psychological stress reactions, oral-anal sex, food allergies, sexual allergies, or indigestion in the small intestine. Gastrointestinal influenza is one of the most common causes of diarrhea. As a form of gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal influenza often causes fever, chills, stomach pain, nausea and vomiting, acute abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Gastrointestinal influenza usually lasts one or two days and is rarely severe. If you are traveling and get diarrhea, the most likely cause is E. coli, which can cause diarrhea more severe than viruses. In the intestines, E. coli produces a substance that causes typhoid fever in the intestinal wall and makes it "cry," causing a large amount of fluid to seep into the feces, resulting in abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. If vomiting and diarrhea occur shortly after eating, you may have diarrhea caused by food poisoning. To treat diarrhea: Get plenty of rest. Avoid eating solid foods. Drink sugary and salty fluids. As your condition improves, increase your intake of soups, applesauce, toast, salt crackers, and frozen foods. Avoid milk, high-fiber fruits and vegetables, fatty or spiced foods, sweets, and carbonated drinks or beer. If vomiting and diarrhea are severe and last for more than 2-3 days, see a doctor. To prevent diarrhea while traveling, wash your hands thoroughly before eating. Regarding earwax, there are two things you must know: ① Earwax will not make you deaf, and ② Earwax does not mean you are a slacker who doesn't clean your ears. Earwax is secreted by glands in the external auditory canal. When you sleep, most earwax dries and forms tiny particles that fall out of the ear. Earwax usually doesn't cause any problems unless it accumulates too quickly and forms a hard plug that fills the external auditory canal. Further development can lead to impaction, causing a feeling of fullness in the ear, hearing difficulties, mild ear pain or tinnitus, and other strange sounds. Only a doctor can remove impacted earwax. To safely remove a normal amount of earwax from the ear, gently wipe it away with a small towel. Commercial earwax softeners are safe and effective for removing earwax buildup in the ear canal. Never use cotton swabs; these can damage the protective skin layer in the ear and push earwax deeper into the canal, leading to impaction and infection. Never use paper clips, hairpins, matchsticks, toothpicks, fingernails, or other hard objects to remove earwax. In other words, do not put anything small into your ear.